Content will focus on semicircular canal anatomy and physiology critical to management of vestibular disorders. Instruction will emphasize labyrinthine/canal spatial orientation and cupula-related mechanics, which is particularly helpful for management of BPPV and other vestibular-related disorders.

Instruction will emphasize otolithic organ structure and function, which is critical to management of vestibular disorders. Instruction will include a special emphasis on otoconia and dark cells, which are important for understanding risk factors for BPPV.

Instruction will focus on motor functions of the vestibular system, including gaze stability and postural control. Instruction will emphasize specific features of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which is critical in the differential diagnoses of vestibular disorders. This chapter will also review the role of the vestibular system in postural control.

This chapter will focus on common pharmacologic agents utilized in the management of acute vestibular-related symptoms in individuals with dizziness. Therapy-related implications will be reviewed.

Instruction will include a review of common stable unilateral vestibular disorders along with a discussion of the appropriateness of vestibular rehabilitation. Concerning and nonconcerning audiometric findings will be discussed. Medical management options will be reviewed.

Content will include a review of the features of unstable/progressive unilateral vestibular disorders along with a discussion of the appropriateness of vestibular rehabilitation. Medical management, including surgical indications, will be reviewed. Ménière’s disease, vestibular schwannoma, and superior canal dehiscence will be discussed.

Content will include a review of the features of unstable/progressive unilateral vestibular disorders along with a discussion of the appropriateness of vestibular rehabilitation. Medical management, including surgical indications, will be reviewed. Ménière’s disease, vestibular schwannoma, and superior canal dehiscence will be discussed.

This is a Q&A session with Michael Teixido on surgical and medical management of unilateral vestibular disorders.

Instruction will focus on etiologic factors for bilateral vestibular disorders along with a discussion of the appropriateness of vestibular rehabilitation. To improve awareness of common associated impairments, a patient interview will be shared. Medical management options will be reviewed.

Content will review the common symptoms associated with PPPD. Treatment guidelines will be reviewed, including the role of vestibular rehabilitation. This chapter will include a PPPD-related question-and-answer session with Neil Shepard, PhD, professor emeritus, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine.

Content will include features of central nervous system (CNS) disorders that may present with vestibular-related issues. Recognition of concerning causes of vestibular symptoms and indications for further medical management is important for clinicians involved in vestibular testing and rehabilitation.

To enhance the clinician’s ability to recognize concerning examination findings, a series of video-based examples of CNS-origin ocular impairments will be reviewed. Common abnormalities noted with MS, stroke, cerebellar disorders, and parkinsonism-like disorders will be demonstrated. Recognition of red flags is important in alerting clinicians to a potentially more concerning cause of vestibular symptoms.

HINTS testing, which can be helpful in identifying a potentially sinister cause of symptoms in subjects with acute and ongoing vertigo, will be reviewed. The components of HINTS testing will be demonstrated, and video case examples will be presented.

Instruction will focus on completion of essential oculomotor screening. Findings of central vs. peripheral vestibular involvement will be reviewed, which is critical for the purposes of differential diagnosis. Case-based video examples will be reviewed to reinforce content.

Training will emphasize functional testing of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Proper performance and interpretation of VOR testing will be reviewed. Identification of head-motion-induced oscillopsia is one of the chief indications for vestibular rehabilitation.

Training will emphasize functional testing of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Proper performance and interpretation of VOR testing will be reviewed. Identification of head-motion-induced oscillopsia is one of the chief indications for vestibular rehabilitation.

Content will focus on common laboratory-based vestibular function tests that can be helpful in defining the site of lesion in individuals with vestibular system disorders. This chapter will include a question-and-answer session with Neil Shepard, PhD.

Bedside postural control testing will be discussed, including the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance. Testing provides valuable insight into the functional impact of a vestibular disorder. Postural control testing can enhance investigation into how efficiently vestibular cues are being utilized for balance.

Performance-based postural control tests will be reviewed, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Four-Square Step Test, 5-Times Sit-to-Stand Test, and the Dynamic Gait Index. Indications of high fall risk will be discussed, providing valuable insight into the functional impact of a vestibular disorder.

Compensation fundamentals and mechanisms of recovery of gaze stabilization will be reviewed. Video case examples will be utilized to reinforce subject matter. Comprehending the mechanisms of vestibular compensation provides valuable insight into treatment-related principles.

Exercise suggestions will focus on head-motion-induced oscillopsia related to vestibular hypofunction. Instruction will focus on proper treatment administration and progression. Improvements in gaze stabilization during dynamic activities can facilitate improvements in activities of daily living.

Exercise suggestions will emphasize vestibular-related balance impairment. Instruction will focus on proper treatment administration and progression guidelines. Improvements in balance can facilitate improvements in activities of daily living and potentially reduce fall risk.

Chapter content will include a question-and-answer session with Danielle Tate, DPT, regarding suggested vestibular-related testing and treatment equipment. Comparative information on Frenzel lenses and video infrared goggles, which are helpful examination tools, will be discussed. Additionally, the chapter will discuss recommended resources to promote professional growth in vestibular rehabilitation.

Instruction will review demographic features, predisposing factors, and estimated prevalence of BPPV. The mechanics and clinical implications of canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis will be discussed, which is helpful to properly identify and treat BPPV.

Nystagmus characteristics of the mechanics of common BPPV variants will be discussed, which is helpful with differential diagnosis. Subjective and secondary BPPV will also be reviewed. Video cases will be utilized to emphasize learning objectives.

Differentiating features of alternative (non-BPPV) causes of positional vertigo will be discussed. Recognition of non-BPPV-related dizziness is critical for appropriate patient management. This chapter will include a question-and-answer session regarding BPPV-related controversies with Michael Teixido, MD.

Instruction will emphasize optimal testing maneuvers for posterior canal canalithiasis. Proper performance of diagnostic maneuvers is essential to optimize test sensitivity for identification of BPPV. Training in the following diagnostic maneuvers will be included: loaded Dix–Hallpike and sidelying test.

This chapter will review suggested testing maneuvers for posterior canal cupulolithiasis. Proper performance of diagnostic maneuvers is essential to optimize test sensitivity for identification of BPPV. Training in the following diagnostic maneuvers will be included: half Dix–Hallpike and reverse Dix–Hallpike.

Suggested testing maneuvers for horizontal canal canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis will be reviewed. Proper performance of diagnostic maneuvers is essential to optimize test sensitivity for identification of BPPV. Training in the following diagnostic maneuvers will be included: supine roll test and bow and lean test.

Instruction will focus on canalith repositioning maneuvers utilized to treat posterior canal BPPV. Training in the following treatment maneuvers will be included: modified Epley maneuver and liberatory (Semont) maneuver. Properly administered canalith repositioning maneuvers are highly effective in treating posterior canal BPPV.

Instruction will focus on canalith repositioning maneuvers utilized to treat horizontal canal BPPV. Training in the following treatment maneuvers will be included: Gufoni maneuver and cupulolith repositioning maneuver.

BPPV treatment-related management guidelines will be reviewed. Application of the guidelines are helpful in optimizing BPPV. This chapter will include a BPPV treatment-related question-and-answer session with neurotologist Michael Teixido, MD.